Moral And Cognitive Development Morality Is The Herd...

Moral and Cognitive Development â€Å"Morality is the herd-instinct in the individual† (Nietzsche, 2017). Within the psyche of every human being, the fundamental idea of right and wrong exists. The basis of this distinction is primarily innate and instinctual in nature. This preexisting component of the individual translates into the caliber of character the person exhibits and what drives them to do and act in certain ways. Some individuals might errantly refer to this as simply good and evil. This oversimplification neglects the fact that these matters are not always black or white or all or nothing. The evidence of this will be shown in every human being who has the potential for both good and bad behavior. Essentially, there are two†¦show more content†¦Some of these individuals include Jean Piaget and later Lawrence Kohlberg who came along and extended the aforementioned theorist bodies of work (Hayes, 1994). To understand the foundation of Kohlberg’s work , an adequate understanding of Piaget’s theories of moral development must exist first. After extensive research surrounding the question regarding the correspondence of thoughts and actions, Piaget developed a theory that morality in children followed social interaction and learning (Bergman, 2002). Essentially, children develop moral thinking after exercising moral behaviors. In other words, the mind follows the body. Action will induce retrospective analysis and the foundation of new beliefs. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development Kohlberg piggybacked off the groundwork laid by Piaget, with his concepts on cognitive development in adolescents. Kohlberg postulated that a newly formed moral stance will guide new behaviors if these actions lead to strife, therefore another stage of morality will be adopted (Bergman, 2002). His stages of moral development followed this pattern: At the preconventional level the child has awareness on what behavior is acceptable or not, and can conform to these standards out of a necessity to avoid punishment; At the conventional level the person understands what the norms of society are and no longer complies with them out of a sense of fear of reprisal,Show MoreRelatedAgrarian Magic: 20 Theories on the Origin of Religion8239 Words   |  33 PagesWe are seeking an authoritative source, and have invented one if it didn’t already exist. Religion finds function in attempts to explain origins or the undergirding structure of reality. Some feel that life is meaningless without the values and morals imparted by their doctrine, and yearn for consolation for their misfortunes, pains, and losses (Lamb 2012:6). Through the rites of religion, which vary from rites of magic in that they deal with adhering to law instead of directing supernaturalRead MoreCritical Thinking Essay in Comparative Business Ethics5101 Words   |  21 Pagesreasoned arguments or new evidence. b. I have character and integrity that will carry me though when I face difficult moral choices. I believe that I do have solid and well considered ethical beliefs that can be altered only by reasoned arguments and the emergence of new evidence. I also believe that I have the character and integrity necessary to carry me through difficult moral choices. I believe that having this self-confidence is necessary in our time and age where the social forces at largeRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pagesamp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsible agent, determining their own development through acts of the will. Existentialism * is a philosophical term which posits that individuals create the meaning and essence of their lives. Existentialism asserts that â€Å"existence precedes essence,† which is in opposition to the classicalRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesintellectual traditions that contribute to our understanding of organizations. Professor Tomas Mà ¼llern, Jà ¶nkà ¶ping International Business School, Sweden . McAuley, Duberley and Johnson’s Organizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of one of the great enigmas of our time – How should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, Norway I really enjoyed this new text and I am sure my students will enjoy it, too. ItRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCase Incident 1 Multitasking: A Good Use of Your Time? 264 Case Incident 2 Bonuses Can Backfire 265 3 9 The Group Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Defining and Classifying Groups 272 Why Do People Form Groups? 272 Stages of Group Development 274 The Five-Stage Model 275 †¢ An Alternative Model for Temporary Groups with Deadlines 276 Group Properties: Roles, Norms, Status, Size, Cohesiveness, and Diversity 277 Group Property 1: Roles 277 †¢ Group Property 2: Norms 280 †¢ Group Property

Darwin s Theory Of Descent - 927 Words

Darwin’s theory of descent with modification brought about a new revolution in scientific thought. He developed this theory independently after his around the world voyage aboard the Beagle observing the flora and fauna of various parts of the world (Bowler, 2009, p.149). Darwin could not have developed his theory without working on novel concepts derived from his own observation or, equally so, from learning of the concepts of other prominent scientists of his time. Before Darwin went on his voyage aboard the Beagle, he, like many others, was captivated by the accounts of Alexander Von Humboldt’s journey to South America. Humboldt was a natural romantic who was captivated by the beauty and complexity of nature and the stories of his fantastical journey instilled those same beliefs into a young Charles Darwin (Bowler, 2009, p.120). It was Humboldt’s tales that made Darwin want to go on his own journey to faraway lands and join Fitzroy on the Beagle (Bowler, 2009, p.149). On Darwin’s exhibition, he brought with him Principles of Geography by Charles Lyell which discussed the idea of uniformitarianism (Bowler, 2009, p.150). This idea is in regards to how geography has been shaped relying on the concept of slow mechanisms of change. These mechanisms are the same mechanisms we see at work today and they have been working at a uniform rate throughout history. Darwin came to accept this theory after witnessing how an earthquake raised a coastline in Chile, coming to theShow MoreRelatedDarwin s Theory Of Biological Evolution1347 Words   |  6 Pages(Campbell, 1993). However, a lot of things can change over a period of time. The â€Å"Father of Evolution† who is known as Charles Darwin, developed the theory of biological evolution. This theory has long been debated during and after darwin s time. Biological evolution can be seen through a momentous change in organisms by changing of the genetic composition. Darwin’s theory did not only create a topic of controversy, but it was able to create a way of understanding life through biological evolutionRead MoreDarwin s Theory On Evolution1018 Words   |  5 PagesDarwin’s theory on Evolution Evolution is the belief that all living forms including humans came from ancient ancestors. Evolution is what makes life possible. It allows organisms to adapt to the environment as it changes. In Biology, theory of evolution does not tell us how life began on earth, but it helps us understand how life came into existence, diversified in many forms on earth, and fossil records. Scientists have many theories on evolution. One of the theories suggests all the healthyRead MoreCreation : God Vs. Nature1191 Words   |  5 Pagesthe creation of humanity in the Garden of Eden and the creation of all the animals was an instantaneous event of God s creation rather than a gradual process. But it seems inevitable that eventually someone would question the explanation of God for why humans, plants, and animals exist the way they do. The work of Darwin and Wallace introduced the idea of the evolutionary theory, which changed the boundaries between humans and nature by driving people to call in to question one of the fundamentalRead MoreInherit The Wind, By Charles Darwin1585 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation, could it not be concluded that all living things are, to some degree, related? Yes. To further explain, evolution is a theory that states that organisms have diversified or in other words, have changed into a more complex living thing. In the book Inherit The Wind, the townsfolk of the play disagree heavily with the theory of evolution. Common ancestry is the theory that states that all living things share a common ancestor or common descendent, which then ties into evolution. Speciation, bothRead MoreThe Question Questions On Evolutionists1397 Words   |  6 Pagesthe eye and the mousetrap. (Websites can be seen at the end of the document). When we think of descent with modification, it is essential to point out that it is tightly connected to the concept of common ancestry. In other words, both concepts help us explain the other concept of the overlapping phenomenon of natural selection. Hence, natural selection- the driving agent of evolution as specified by Darwin in his book in 1871- is directly influenced by these other components previously mentioned.Read MoreCharles Darwin, A Scientist And Natural Observer Of The World1287 Words   |  6 Pagesof the world published a book named The Descent of Man, despite it contradicting the widely held religious beliefs of the time. Charles Darwin, the naturalist famous for his contributions to evolutionary theory, applies his own theories of evolution to humans in his book, The Descent of Man, and explains that the common cognitive characteristics which define humans as unique have â€Å"...no fundamental difference between man and the higher mammals† (34). Darwin is able to push this point forward by hypothesisingRead MoreCharles Darwins Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Essay1027 Words   |  5 Pages Darwin is considered by other people as the creator of Evolution. Darwin was not the only man to arrive at the theory of evolution. Darwin came to his theory of evolution at the same time as an another man who goes by the name of Alfred Russell Wallace came to the same conclusion. Wallace being relatively unknown was not respected for having the same conclusion because the fact that people were so apt to listen to the theory’s of Charles Darwin. After time Darwin published a book On the OriginRead MoreDr. Charles. Darwin s Theory Of Evolution1714 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist. He is best known for his contributions to the theory of evolution. He stated that all species have descended over time from common ancestors. With his joint publication with Alfred Russell Wallace he introduced the process called natural selection. Darwin published his theory of evolution in 1859 with a book, On the Origin of Species; many people rejected his idea of natural selection and his theory of evolution. By the 1870’s the scientificRead MoreThe Evolution of Evolution1188 Words   |  5 Pagesa time before the world did not know the theory of evolution and the theories demonstrated by Sir Charles Darwin. Before the evolution, there were people who were subjected to religious ideologies of how mankind was created, they believed that the upper class was known to be â€Å"divine creatures†. However, the introduction of evolution leads the theory to be the base of biology and changes the minds of people all over the world. Firstly, before the theory of evolution, there was the idea of humansRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Biblical Creation1028 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1831 Charles Darwin graduated from Cambridge, with a Bachelor of Arts Degree, yet Darwin was far more interested in geology and biology. Taking a drastic turn in his studies, Darwin became fascinated in the scientific findings of geologist Adam Sedgwick and the naturalist John Henslow. Prior to the expedition, Darwin, along with his mentors rejected biological evolution. Darwin s mentor, Henslow, was able to secure a spot for Darwin on the H.M.S Beagle. This expedition was a 5 year journey, which

A Very Brief History of Rock and Roll free essay sample

Rock and Roll has influenced everyones life whether we like it or not. It is a style of music that has been around since the early asss, born out of a combination of Gospel, Blues, Jazz and Country music. In the early days, Rock and Roll was a new form of music that had a very simplistic sound which also introduced the electric guitar for the first time, combined with a drummer and bassist. Since then, it has been drastically changed and evolved into a multitude of different genres including metal, punk and alternative rock.It has influenced many facets of culture including fashion, lifestyle, language and attitudes as well as bringing generations of people together. Rock and Roll has influenced my life from a young age while learning how to play my favorite rock songs on guitar. The history of Rock and Roll Is a very Interesting evolution and in this paper we will touch on some of the most influential rock eras in the past 60 years and some of the people who pioneered and perfected the sound. As World War II ended and the world started the recovery process, Americans faced ewe freedoms and ideals that seemed to re-energize and Jump start the country. Scarify, 22) From this newly found freedom, many people pursued new interests In travel, drive-Len movie theaters, automobiles, television, fashion and music. One of the most influential freedom that came about at this time was of course Rock and Roll music. Popular mostly with teenagers at the time, this new form of music gave the youth of America more ways to express themselves and allowed them to break out of the everyday monotony of the American middle class way of life. A very popular form of rock and roll that emerged at this time was called Rockabilly. Penny) This version of early rock and roll which combined blues, Jazz and country was the cornerstone of music In the sasss. Elvis Presley. Jerry Lee Lewis, Buddy Holly, Ritchie Valves, Johnny Cash and Carl Perkins were among the most important pioneers of this popular music form. Rockabilly singers and songwriters became a major influence on British bands like The Beetles and The Rolling Stones, which led to the British Invasion in the sasss. As a new decade approached, so did a new form of rock and roll.The sasss brought a new era of rock and rollers from a distant land. The British had once again stepped foot on American solo to try and show us how things were done. The term British Invasion was used to describe the many bands and performers from the U. K. Who became popular in America in the early to mid asss. These British bands, and more specifically The Beetles, took the creations of the American musicians in the sasss and altered them into a different form of rock and roll. Yet again, teenagers mound new freedom and an outlet in this new form of rock and roll.The Beetles being the most popular band at the time had a fan base that reached across the world. The term Battlement was used to describe the crazed Beetles fans during their early years. As the decade progressed and Battlement subsided, bands like The Rolling Stones, Pink Floyd and The Who began popping up in America. These bands became part of the counterculture movement and were certainly influenced by the times. As the war in Vietnam escalated in the late asss, rock and roll evolved into more expressive form of music. Scruff, 52) Folk rock singers like Bob Dylan and Janis Joplin used their music and lyrics to popularize the anti-war movement. (Scarify, 102) to a close and the Vietnam War ended, bands like Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath that became popular in the late asss were even more popular in the asss. Both of these bands formed a new sound unto their own. Led Zeppelin combined rock with heavy blues while Black Sabbath pioneered the highly amplified heavy metal rock. In the mid asss we see other influential bands like The Eagles, Queen and David Bowie No also perfected their own style of rock. But it wasnt until the late sasss when the Nor witnessed the biggest movement in rock and roll with Punk. Punk rock was a fast, short stripped down version of rock and roll which often had anti establishment or political lyrics. (Scarify, 175) Punk rock was mostly rooted in local bars and pubs Inch rejected the mainstream ideologies. Subcultures of punk also emerged where rebellion and individual clothing styles were the norm. Bands like The Clash, The Ramose and The Sex Pistols became the pioneers of this punk rock scene and have influenced many other bands and types of rock music.All throughout the sasss, rock Nas most famously known for hair bands with tight leather pants, soaring guitar solos and insane hair like Guns and Roses, AC/DC, Aerostatic, Bon Jove, Motley Crude or my favorite, Van Helen. These types of bands turned up their stage presence with theatrics or wearing makeup. They were also characterized by their rowdy behavior on and off stage. These bands were also distinguished by their amazing and sometimes outrageous guitar solos and their melodic and pop oriented choruses. Cardiff, 276) Most of these bands surprisingly have stood the test of time and can still be seen touring today. Could go on and on explaining the complexity of rock music and all their many genres and bands but I think that would take many days. Although rock may be one of our newer forms of music it is still one of the most significant type to ever exist. So the next time you are listening to your favorite band, remember where the roots of rock and roll came from, because most every band that you hear today wouldnt be around if it werent for the pioneers of rock and roll.

Metamorphosis free essay sample

Franz Kafka’s 20th century short fiction story, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† is a story about a man’s overnight transformation into a vermin. Kafka was a very influential writer during his time. He used many different feelings and emotions such as comedy and horror in much of his writing. â€Å"The Metamorphosis† is a great example of Kafka’s work that exemplifies both a horror and comedy within the same story. After reading â€Å"The Metamorphosis† and reading articles from F. D.Luke and Jean Collingnon, both scholarly writers on Kafka’s â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† I realized that this story can be classified as both a horror story and a comedy. Kafka offers many different concepts and situations which allows the reader to classify â€Å"The Metamorphosis† as a horror story and a comedy. While analyzing â€Å"The Metamorphosis† for the first time, I found it incredibly disturbing and depressing, however after seeing the film and reading what Collingnon and Luke had to say about the story I found humor in many of the situations that I once thought were depressing. We will write a custom essay sample on Metamorphosis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In Jean Collingnon’s â€Å"Kafka’s Humor,† Collingnon mentions several different examples of Kafka’s humor and how much of it comes about. In her writing she asserts that Kafka’s humor is both â€Å"oppressed and depressed,† Kafka makes a point to make light of the hardships Gregor faced (Collingnon 53). Much of Kafka’s humor comes from past life experiences that he experienced, such as his experience with the Austro-Hungarian Empire and tedious work (Collingnon 53). According to Collingnon, Kafka creates heroic characters in horrific situations through humor.Initially Collignon claims that Kafka’s Humor â€Å"is the humor of a man both oppressed and depressed who smiles not in order to forget but to assert his independence, and makes plain his determination not be overwhelmed by hardships,† showing where his humor is coming from (Collignon 53-54). Collignon’s writing shows that many of Kafka’s stories focus on how to make the best out of a bad situation. This is clearly shown when Gregor is transformed into an vermin and when he wakes up. Gregor’s primary concern is how he can get up and get to work.He did not sit around and dwell on the fact the he was no longer human; he took actions and tried to make the best out of his situation. He tried to get up and overcome the initial shock of waking up and finding himself a vermin. This brings about a great example of humor to the situation. This humor is expressed throughout â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† as mentioned by Collingnon and Luke. Collingnon also suggests the whereabouts of Kafka’s humor. She suggests that Kafka’s humor comes from much of his past life experiences both good and bad. According to research done by Collingnon, Kafka had suffered under the Austro-Hungarian Empire.He also suffered â€Å"from the tedious routine of clerical work in an insurance company† (Collingnon 56). Kafka’s hardships are expressed in a humorous way in many of his writings such as; â€Å"The Metamorphosis† and â€Å"The Castle. † In these Kafka relates his life experiences, such as his dealing with his father expressed in Luke’s â€Å"Die Verwandlung,† and turns them into humor by expressing it in different ways, such as Gregor’s transforming into a vermin. This resulted in his powerless demeanor showing much of how Kafka felt during this time in his life. Another scholar F. D. Luke, who wrote â€Å"Die Verwandlung,† agrees with Collingnon’s thoughts on Kafka’s humor, considering his work a comedy. He also believes that some events in â€Å"The Metamorphosis† lead to it becoming a horror story. In â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† Kafka has created a central point that Luke finds as both comic and horror aspects to Kafka’s story. Many effects occur from the physical and mental behavior of Gregor after the metamorphosis that is mind boggling. For example when Gregor losses his human faculty of speech, in Gregor’s reaction to metamorphosis, and Gregor’s â€Å"flat† reaction to what has happened to him.This is seen as horrific to Luke because of its ‘uncanny’ psychotic character (Luke 238). According to Luke the metamorphosis casts a dreadful and tragic light on human incapability to appreciate disaster. As mentioned by both Luke and Collingnon, Kafka’s stories have often been compared to dreams and nightmares. Luke acclaims that Metamorphosis is intended to be taken as a real event and not as a symbol of illness or as a dream, as many people believe. The fact that this is intended as a real event adds horror to the story.Metamorphosis is concluded as a reaction to a dream in Luke’s, â€Å"Die Verwandlung. † He claims that â€Å"This Metamorphosis is intended to be taken literally, as a real (objective) event,† however many relate Kafka’s work to a dream or as a symbol (Luke 234). The transformation of Gregor into and insect has different meanings to different readers; however the argument lies in Kafka’s meaning behind the Metamorphosis itself. According to Luke, â€Å"[t]he function of the metamorphosis within the story is to be distinguished from the fantasy in Kafka’s mind† (Luke 234). Next, F. D.Luke suggest the comic effects in Kafka’s â€Å"Metamorphosis† occur from the physical and mental behavior of Gregor after the transformation, when Gregor losses his human faculty of speech, and in Gregor’s reaction to the metamorphosis. An example of this comic is found when Gregor first wakes up to find that he is not human anymore, but that he has been transformed into an insect. This also leads into the comic derived from his loss of his human ability of speech. In Luke’s writing it exclaims that Gregor remains able to understand his family as they talk down upon him, however they are not aware of this fact adding humor to the situation.After the initial shock when Gregor awoke to find that he had turned into an insect his response was not on what had happened to him as a person but he focused on how he could get up and go to work. â€Å"His reaction shows the typical Bergsonian comic ‘radeur’; and it is comic because empathy is first stimulated, then rendered superfluous† thus bringing out Kafka’s comic writing in the story (Luke 238). Comic is found all throughout Metamorphosis in many different situations regarding Gregor and his personal effects and reaction to the formation. F. D. Luke offers a horrific side to Kafka’s writing as well. Metamorphosis free essay sample I am now a writer. I think. I have learned what I need to be a writer; I enjoy it now. I like to sit and wonder – and write. It all seems clearer: where I want to go and who I want to be. It is all much easier now. It is hard to imagine my life without this pivotal junior year in which I have turned into a butterfly, a male butterfly free to roam the winds created by Aeolos – and to rest when dusk falls. And only at that break of twilight, will I be unfocused, because the rest is just transparent. I have learned to see things, not as they are, or how they appear, but how their existence molds my life. Not by their color, or their scent, but by the way my breath touches their surface. They do not have a meaning, but rather a purpose that I am destined to decipher. We will write a custom essay sample on Metamorphosis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But what I have already found is my mission, my quest for happiness and peace, and my reason to believe – to believe that life is composed of tiny atoms, like the element of gold. And to learn the importance of every particle involved in playing a vital role in the existence of such natural beauty. I am not exactly sure where I am at this moment, but I know where I would have been if I had not taken the challenge: nowhere – no place of importance. Somehow, the skills I learned in my junior year English class went beyond my paper and pen and caused a permutation in my perception of life. A change that has almost given me power. And not power like God’s, but power to know and account for what is around me. Just enough power to know that I emptied myself in order to obtain it. I gained the power to learn, and perhaps, in another realm of existence, the power to teach. I hope one day to escape my reveries and bring with me the virtues of becoming a great mentor, for that will show the master skill of learning as well as the truth in knowing to proceed, and then to prevail. The world appeared so enigmatic, and now it seems to have worsened. However, it has become a puzzle I am eager to work out, and not a blurred vision of a mournful morning where I find nothing but questions that seem to have no answers. Now I wake with the moon, every morning I can, in order to get the most out of life and every moment. I never waste a minute, much less a breath, for my life is the most important thing to me. And you, pedagogue – had the power to alter it. This journey through the world of art has been unforgettable. I have surpassed my fears of writing, and I am no longer scared to read some of the world’s most amazing literature. It was at the end of this odyssey that I learned the importance of connecting my mind with the minds of others. It has given me the combination to the safe of life. Metamorphosis free essay sample Metamorphosis In the novella Metamorphosis the main character Gregor is morphed into a cockroach. It never states how it is that this change occurred. I believe that it happened as a way to save Gregor’s family from the confinements of his job. Gregor Samsa is a traveling salesman. It just so happened that Gregor’s father owed a lot of money to his boss. Mr. Samsa had owned a business in the past. Unfortunately the business was lost and this left Gregor’s father unemployed. He never got back into the work world leaving it up to Gregor to provide for the family. Gregor hated his job and thought it was a tiresome burden. Although he despised his career, he was very devoted to it. He was determined to provide in the best way possible for his family. He was always absorbed in his work â€Å"The lad only ever thinks about the business†, exclaims his mother in the first chapter before he is revealed as a giant roach to the family. We will write a custom essay sample on Metamorphosis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Because his father was in debt to Gregors boss they had no way of leaving the city in which they lived. At the time I don’t think anybody in the Samsa family realized that how they were living wasn’t beneficial. Once Gregor’s horrible plight was revealed the family’s well-being went downhill. The sister became overworked, the father was abusive to Gregor, everybody was unhappy. Gregor’s father had to get a job to support the family seeing as Gregor no longer could. Alas the Samsa family was now stuck in a worse position than they previously had been. That is until one morning Gregor was found dead. By this point in the novella the family stopped treating Gregor as if he were their son. After all he was a cockroach! As soon as it was clear that they were free of their bug infestation the mood was instantly brightened. The family drew closer together, mourned the loss of their son and brother, but most importantly moved on. They were free from the li fe they lead before Gregor’s transformation. They moved out to the open country with anticipation for a happy future